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| 中国夏季大气水分循环特征及再分析资料对比分析 |
| 苏涛1, 封国林2 |
1. 兰州大学大气科学学院, 兰州 730000;
2. 国家气候中心, 中国气象局气候研究开放实验室, 北京 100081 |
| The characteristics of the summer atmospheric water cycle over China and comparison of ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalysis |
| Su Tao1, Feng Guo-Lin2 |
1. College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Laboratory for Climate Studies of China Meteorological Administration, National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China |
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摘要： 大气水分循环过程耦合了降水、蒸发、水汽输送等多个环节. 本文利用ERA-Interim与MERRA再分析资料, 研究了中国1979–2012年夏季大气水分循环的时空变化特征及其对全球气候变化的响应, 并对两套再分析资料在中国地区的适用性进行了评估. 结果表明: 1)中国夏季降水、蒸发、可降水量均自东南沿海地区向西北内陆递减; 降水与蒸发相互联系、相互制约, 由于不同地区下垫面物理条件的差异, 它们之间同时存在正、负反馈的影响机制, 可降水量主要集中在地面至700 hPa高度, 约占总量的75%; 2)近34 年大气水分循环显著变化的区域主要集中在西部和东北地区, 西部内陆地区可降水量显著增加, 北方大部分地区纬向水汽输送通量显著减小, 西北北部地区经向水汽输送通量显著增大, 蒸发量与水汽输送的气候变化可能是造成可降水量增加的主要原因; 3) Interim与MERRA资料对降水量时空变化特征的再现能力要优于蒸发量, 此外, 它们对降水与蒸发气候变化趋势的模拟结果差别较大, 使用时应该慎重; 两套资料对可降水量与水汽输送通量的时空变化特征以及气候变化趋势的模拟比较一致, 可信度较高; 4) Interim资料对西南、东南以及东北区域夏季水循环均有较好的描述能力; 而MERRA资料更适用于研究西南和西北区域的水汽收支情况.
关键词：
大气水分循环
再分析资料
大气水汽收支
气候变化趋势
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Abstract： Atmospheric water cycle process includes precipitation, evaporation, water vapor transport and other links. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the atmospheric water cycle over China in summer are investigated by using the ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalysis from 1979 to 2012. Comparison and performance analyses of these two reanalysis data are given. The obtained results are as follows. 1) the spatial distributions of precipitation, evaporation and precipitable water are highly similar to each other, and all gradually decrease from southeast coast to northwest inland regions. Because the differences in physical condition, precipitation and evaporation among different underlying surfaces, mutually promot or mutually restrict each other, the interactions among them have positive and negative feedback mechanisms. Precipitable water mainly concentrates in the ground to the 700 hPa height, accounts for about 75% of the total quantity. 2) All of the atmospheric water cycle elements have obvious characteristics of climate change, especially in these areas like Northwest China, Tibet and Northeast China. The zonal flux of water vapor transport significantly decreases in most parts of the northern, while the meridional flux of water vapor transport significantly increases in the northern region of Northwest China. 3)The reproduction ability to change characteristics of precipitation is better than that of evaporation based on these reanalyses. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of moisture transport situation and the various levels of atmospheric water vapor content are highly consistent with each other. The simulations of flux climate change trend of precipitation and water vapor transport are more accurate and more reliable. 4) Interim reanalysis is applicable to the study of the southwest, Southeast and northeast regional atmospheric water balance, water cycle elements can maintain balance well, while MERRA reanalysis is more reasonable in Southwest and northwest.
Keywords：
atmospheric water cycle
reanalysis data
moisture budget of atmospheric
climatic variation trend
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收稿日期: 2014-06-24
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| PACS: |
92.40.Zg
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(Hydrometeorology, hydroclimatology)
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92.60.Ry
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(Climatology, climate change and variability)
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| 基金: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号: 2012CB955902, 2013CB430204)和公益性行业科研专项(批准号: GYHY201106016)资助的课题. |
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2014, Vol. 63 
